Ektomikorrhízában

Ektomikorrhízában refers to the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, a mutually beneficial relationship between certain fungi and the roots of many plant species, predominantly trees. In this association, the fungal hyphae do not penetrate the plant cells directly but instead form a dense sheath, known as the mantle, around the root tips. From this mantle, the hyphae extend into the soil, significantly increasing the surface area for nutrient and water absorption for the plant.

The fungi are particularly efficient at acquiring nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil, which they then transfer to the plant in exchange for carbohydrates produced by the plant through photosynthesis. This exchange is crucial for the survival and growth of both organisms, especially in nutrient-poor environments. Ectomycorrhizal fungi also play a vital role in soil structure, binding soil particles together and improving aeration and water infiltration. They can protect the plant roots from pathogens and heavy metals. This symbiotic relationship is widespread in forest ecosystems worldwide, involving a vast array of tree species, including pines, oaks, birches, and beeches, and a diverse range of fungal partners. The presence and effectiveness of ectomycorrhizal associations are critical for the health and resilience of these ecosystems.