Ekstasy

Ekstasy, also known as MDMA, is a synthetic psychoactive drug that alters mood and perception. It is chemically related to amphetamines, but it is typically considered to be in its own class due to its distinct effects. MDMA is often used recreationally for its euphoric and empathogenic properties, leading to feelings of increased closeness, trust, and emotional openness.

The drug is usually taken orally in tablet or capsule form, but it can also be snorted, injected, or taken rectally. The effects of MDMA typically begin within 30 to 60 minutes of ingestion and can last for three to six hours. Common side effects include increased heart rate and blood pressure, dry mouth, jaw clenching, and blurred vision. More serious side effects can include hyperthermia (overheating), dehydration, and cardiovascular problems.

MDMA affects the brain by increasing the activity of several neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. The surge in serotonin is believed to be responsible for the drug's mood-lifting and empathogenic effects. The drug's impact on dopamine and norepinephrine contributes to its stimulant properties.

In many countries, MDMA is classified as a controlled substance and is illegal to possess, manufacture, or distribute. Despite its legal status, it remains a popular recreational drug, particularly in club and festival settings. Research into the potential therapeutic applications of MDMA, especially in psychotherapy for conditions like PTSD, is ongoing.