Eitlesin

Eitlesin is a rare and highly toxic alkaloid found in the seeds of the Eitle tree (Erythrina abyssinica), native to Ethiopia and Eritrea. It is also known as abyssinothiamine or ergotamine. The seeds of the Eitle tree have been used traditionally in Ethiopia for their stimulant and aphrodisiac properties. However, the consumption of Eitle seeds can lead to severe poisoning, characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, convulsions, and even death. The toxicity of Eitle seeds is due to the presence of eitlesin, which is a potent serotonin receptor agonist.

Eitlesin is a member of the ergot alkaloid family, which includes other toxic compounds like ergotamine and ergine. These alkaloids are produced by certain fungi, including Claviceps purpurea, which infects rye and other grains, leading to the production of ergot. The ergot alkaloids are known for their potent effects on the central nervous system, including hallucinogenic, convulsant, and vasoconstrictive properties.

The toxic effects of eitlesin are primarily mediated through its action on serotonin receptors in the brain. This can lead to a range of neurological symptoms, including hallucinations, convulsions, and even coma. The toxicity of eitlesin is further exacerbated by its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to exert its effects directly on the central nervous system.

Despite its toxicity, eitlesin has been the subject of some scientific interest due to its potential as a lead compound for the development of new medications. Its ability to act as a serotonin receptor agonist has made it a valuable tool in the study of serotoninergic systems in the brain. However, the use of eitlesin in clinical settings is strictly controlled due to its high toxicity and potential for severe adverse effects.