Eisenkreisläufe

Eisenkreisläufe refers to the biogeochemical cycle of iron, detailing its movement through the Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Iron is an abundant element, crucial for many biological and geological processes. In the environment, iron exists in various oxidation states, primarily ferrous (Fe(II)) and ferric (Fe(III)), which significantly influences its solubility and reactivity.

The cycle begins with the weathering of iron-bearing rocks, releasing iron into soils and water bodies. Microorganisms play a vital role in this transformation, with iron-oxidizing and iron-reducing bacteria catalyzing redox reactions. Ferrous iron is generally more soluble and mobile, while ferric iron tends to precipitate as insoluble oxides and hydroxides, such as rust.

Atmospheric transport of iron occurs through dust particles, which can travel long distances and deposit iron in remote regions, impacting ecosystems. In aquatic environments, iron availability affects primary productivity, especially in iron-limited oceanic regions. Biological uptake of iron is essential for organisms, as it is a key component of enzymes and proteins like hemoglobin.

The iron cycle is interconnected with other elemental cycles, particularly carbon and nitrogen. Human activities, such as mining, industrial pollution, and deforestation, can alter natural iron fluxes and concentrations, leading to environmental consequences like eutrophication and soil degradation. Understanding Eisenkreisläufe is therefore important for comprehending Earth system dynamics and managing environmental impacts.