Eisenüberladungen

Eisenüberladungen, also known as iron overload, refers to a condition where the body accumulates excessive amounts of iron. Iron is an essential mineral for various bodily functions, including oxygen transport and energy production, but too much of it can be toxic.

The most common cause of iron overload is hereditary hemochromatosis, a genetic disorder that leads to increased iron absorption from the digestive tract. Other causes can include certain blood disorders requiring frequent transfusions, liver diseases, and excessive intake of iron supplements or alcohol.

Symptoms of iron overload can vary and may develop gradually. They can include fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, liver damage, heart problems, and diabetes. In severe cases, iron deposition in organs like the liver, heart, and pancreas can lead to organ failure.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure iron levels, ferritin (a protein that stores iron), and transferrin saturation (a measure of how much iron is bound to the protein that transports it). Genetic testing may be used to identify hereditary hemochromatosis.

Treatment aims to reduce the excess iron in the body. Phlebotomy, the regular removal of blood, is the primary treatment for hereditary hemochromatosis, as blood contains a significant amount of iron. In cases where phlebotomy is not feasible, iron chelation therapy, using medications that bind to iron and help the body excrete it, may be employed. Dietary modifications to reduce iron intake are also sometimes recommended. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious organ damage.