Einwärtsdrehung

Einwärtsdrehung, also known as internal rotation, is a movement of a limb or joint where the anterior surface of the limb rotates towards the midline of the body. In anatomical terms, it is a type of rotational movement. For the shoulder joint, Einwärtsdrehung involves the humerus rotating inward. This is commonly performed when bringing the hand towards the chest or stomach. Muscles responsible for internal rotation of the shoulder include the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and subscapularis. For the hip joint, Einwärtsdrehung involves the femur rotating inward. This occurs, for example, when standing and turning the foot inward. The primary muscles responsible for hip internal rotation are the anterior fibers of the gluteus medius and minimus, as well as the adductor muscles. Loss of Einwärtsdrehung can indicate injury or dysfunction in the affected joint or surrounding muscles, and can impact activities of daily living and athletic performance. It is often assessed as part of a physical examination to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength.