Eikosanoidihormonit

Eikosanoidihormonit, also known as eicosanoids, are a group of lipid mediators derived from the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid. They play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, blood clotting, and pain perception. Eikosanoids are classified into several subclasses, each with distinct biological activities:

Prostaglandins (PGs) are the most abundant eicosanoids and are involved in regulating vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and inflammatory responses. They are further classified into three main series: PGD2, PGE2, and PGF2α, each with unique physiological effects.

Thromboxanes (TXs) are primarily involved in platelet activation and aggregation, contributing to blood clotting. TXA2 is the most potent thromboxane, acting as a vasoconstrictor and promoting platelet adhesion.

Leukotrienes (LTs) are derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway and are involved in allergic reactions, asthma, and other inflammatory disorders. LTB4 is a potent chemotactic agent that attracts leukocytes to sites of inflammation.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) are derived from the cytochrome P450 pathway and have anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory properties. They play roles in vascular homeostasis and protection against atherosclerosis.

Eikosanoids are synthesized by various cell types, including platelets, endothelial cells, and immune cells, and their actions are mediated through specific receptors. Dysregulation of eikosanoid metabolism has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, arthritis, and cancer. Therefore, understanding the biology and regulation of eikosanoids is essential for developing targeted therapies for these conditions.