Eestlased

Eestlased, or Estonians in English, are the ethnic group native to Estonia. They share a distinct language and a set of cultural traditions that have developed over centuries in the Baltic region. While the majority reside in Estonia, sizable communities have formed in Finland, Sweden, Russia, Canada, and the United States, reflecting migration and historical ties.

The Estonian language (eesti keel) belongs to the Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. It is closely related to Finnish and Karelian but is not mutually intelligible with them. Estonian uses the Latin alphabet and features numerous dialects, with standard Estonian based on the dialect of the capital and surrounding area. Most eestlased are bilingual or multilingual, often speaking Russian, Swedish, or English in addition to Estonian.

Estonian identity was shaped during the national awakening of the 19th century and the subsequent independence movements. Estonia declared independence in 1918 after a period of German and Russian influence. It was occupied by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany during World War II and regained independence in 1991, ending Soviet rule. The Singing Revolution, a series of peaceful protests, helped mobilize public support for independence.

Cultural life centers on language, folklore, and the annual Song and Dance Celebration (Laulupidu). Estonia has a strong literary tradition and a vibrant design and music scene. The country is known for its traditions of sauna culture, nature-based identity, and a modern digital society with extensive e-government services.