Ealkenes

Ealkenes are a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond within their molecular structure. This double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond, which makes alkenes more reactive than their saturated counterparts, alkanes. The general formula for acyclic alkenes with one double bond is CnH2n. The presence of the double bond allows for addition reactions, where atoms or groups of atoms can be added across the double bond, breaking the pi bond and forming new sigma bonds. This reactivity is a key feature of alkene chemistry.

Isomers of alkenes can exist in different forms. Geometric isomerism, specifically cis-trans isomerism, can occur when each carbon atom of the double bond is attached to two different groups. In cis isomers, similar groups are on the same side of the double bond, while in trans isomers, they are on opposite sides. This spatial arrangement can significantly influence the physical and chemical properties of the alkene. Alkenes are fundamental building blocks in organic synthesis, used in the production of polymers like polyethylene, as well as in the manufacture of various chemicals, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Their double bond is a site for numerous transformations, making them versatile intermediates.