ELCBs

ELCB stands for Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker. It is a safety device designed to protect people from electric shock. An ELCB works by detecting a difference in current between the live and neutral wires of an electrical circuit. If the current flowing out through the live wire does not match the current returning through the neutral wire, it indicates that some current is leaking to earth. This leakage could be through a person touching a faulty appliance, for example.

When the ELCB detects this imbalance, it quickly trips and disconnects the power supply to the circuit, thereby preventing a serious electric shock. ELCBs are sensitive devices and are set to trip at a very low current, typically in the range of 25 to 50 milliamperes (mA). This low tripping current is crucial for effective protection against electric shock, as even a small current can be dangerous.

There are two main types of ELCBs: voltage-operated and current-operated. Voltage-operated ELCBs are connected between the earth wire and the electrical system's neutral. They detect voltage differences between the earth and neutral, which can occur if the earth connection is faulty. Current-operated ELCBs, also known as Residual Current Devices (RCDs), are more common and work by monitoring the current flowing in the live and neutral conductors. Modern installations typically use RCDs.

ELCBs are an essential safety component in modern electrical installations, especially in areas where the risk of electric shock is higher, such as kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor power outlets. They are a vital safeguard against the potentially fatal consequences of electrical faults.