E129

E129 is the European food additive code for Allura Red AC, a synthetic azo dye used as a red-orange colorant in foods, beverages, and cosmetics. It is also known as Allura Red and is listed chemically as C.I. 16035, typically existing as its water-soluble sodium salt. As a colorant, it provides a bright red hue and is employed in a wide range of products, including soft drinks, candies, desserts, jams, dairy products, bakery goods, and some cosmetic items.

In the European Union, Allura Red AC is permitted under the E129 designation within defined usage limits for different product categories and must appear on ingredient lists as E129 or Allura Red AC. In the United States, it is approved by the FDA as a color additive known as FD&C Red No. 40. Labeling practices differ by jurisdiction; the E-number is not used on US labels.

Safety assessments by bodies such as EFSA and JECFA have concluded that Allura Red AC is safe at approved intakes. Some studies have explored potential links to behavioral effects in children, and certain jurisdictions require warnings or additional labeling for affected colorants. These concerns are weighed against regulatory allowances that specify maximum usage levels and strict quality standards.

Overall, E129 denotes a widely used synthetic colorant with a long regulatory history, subject to ongoing review and varying labeling requirements across regions.