Dtagatose

D-tagatose is a rare hexose sugar and one of the stereoisomers of galactose. It is the C-4 epimer of D-galactose and occurs naturally in small amounts in certain dairy products and fruits.

Industrial production and use: D-tagatose is commercially produced by partial isomerization of D-galactose or through enzymatic conversion of lactose. It is marketed as a low-calorie sweetener and food ingredient, often used in combination with other sweeteners to modify taste and texture.

Properties and metabolism: D-tagatose provides sweetness similar to sucrose but with a lower caloric value, typically about 1.5 to 3 kcal per gram depending on formulation and context. It is absorbed only partially in the small intestine, with some reaching the colon where it may be fermented by gut bacteria. It typically has little impact on blood glucose and insulin levels, contributing to its appeal as a sugar substitute for certain diets.

Safety and regulation: D-tagatose is used as a food ingredient in many countries, with labeling required where applicable. Like other carbohydrates, excessive consumption can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea in some individuals, particularly at high intake levels. Regulatory status regarding allowable use and labeling varies by jurisdiction.