Doppelstaatsbürgerschaften

Doppelstaatsbürgerschaft, or dual citizenship, refers to the status of an individual who is legally recognized as a citizen by two or more sovereign states at the same time. The concept is treated differently around the world: some countries permit dual citizenship with few restrictions, while others require renunciation of one nationality upon naturalization or prohibit dual status altogether. In practice, many states allow it for those born to parents of different nationalities, or for naturalized citizens who retain their original citizenship under specific exceptions.

Acquisition typically occurs by birth, through descent from citizens of more than one country, or by naturalization in a new country while preserving another citizenship. Retention rules vary by jurisdiction; some places require notifying authorities or obtaining permission to keep another citizenship, while others recognize multiple nationalities automatically or under particular conditions. Policies can change, and formal processes or limitations often accompany dual status.

The implications of dual citizenship include expanded rights—such as access to social services, political participation, and easier travel between countries—alongside potential obligations in each state, like taxation, military service, or allegiance requirements. Travel may be facilitated by multiple passports, but some countries impose travel or residency restrictions on dual nationals, or treat them differently for security or diplomatic purposes.

Because dual citizenship is governed by the laws of each involved country, individuals considering it should review the specific rules, procedures, and potential consequences in all relevant jurisdictions. Public policy varies from permissive to restrictive, reflecting historical, security, and demographic considerations in different regions.