Dodecafonismo

Dodecafonismo is a musical composition technique developed in the early 20th century by the Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg. It is a method of composing music using a series of 12 half-steps within a specific tonal framework, known as a row of notes. The row is typically a monodirectional sequence, meaning that the direction of the sequence cannot be reversed without generating a non-derivative row.

Schoenberg first introduced the concept of dodecafonismo in his 1920 essay "Composition for Piano, 1920," where he described it as a means of ensuring that all 12 possible notes of the chromatic scale are used in a piece of music. The technique involves the creation of a series of permutations and retrogradations of the original row, resulting in a set of derived rows that can be used to construct a coherent and expressive musical structure.

The dodecafonismo method was developed as a response to the tonal and atonal crises of the early 20th century. Rather than abandoning traditional tonality altogether, Schoenberg sought to create a new system of composition that would provide a means of accessing the chromatic richness of modern tonality. Over time, dodecafonismo has influenced a wide range of composers, including Alban Berg, Anton Webern, and Luigi Dallapiccola, among others. Its use has also extended beyond the composition of twelve-tone serial music to permeate various genres, including jazz and pop music.

In practice, dodecafonismo allows for an efficient and organized way of constructing music, while also providing a high degree of innovative potential through the systematic manipulation of the original row.