Docosanoids

Docosanoids are a class of signaling molecules derived from the 22-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These lipid mediators play diverse roles in biological processes, including inflammation, pain, fever, blood clotting, and cardiovascular function. They are typically synthesized enzymatically from DHA through various pathways, often involving cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. Specific examples of docosanoids include resolvins, protectins, and maresins, which are collectively known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). These SPMs are particularly important for their ability to actively resolve inflammation, promoting tissue repair and preventing chronic inflammatory conditions. The production of docosanoids is tightly regulated and their signaling pathways are complex, involving specific receptors on target cells. Their discovery and ongoing research continue to shed light on their crucial physiological functions and potential therapeutic applications.