Disylylenes

Disylylenes are a class of silicon-containing organic compounds characterized by a chain containing at least two silicon atoms and a double bond between two silicon atoms, Si=Si. The general formula for a disylylene can be represented as R2Si=SiR2, where R represents organic substituents. These compounds are analogous to alkenes in organic chemistry, but with silicon atoms forming the double bond.

The Si=Si double bond in disylylenes is significantly different from the C=C double bond in alkenes. Silicon-silicon double bonds are generally weaker and more reactive due to the larger atomic size of silicon and the less effective overlap of the p-orbitals involved in the pi bond. Consequently, disylylenes are often less stable and more prone to polymerization or other reactions compared to their organic counterparts.

Disylylenes were first synthesized and characterized in the late 20th century. Their synthesis typically involves reductive coupling of silyl halides or related precursors. Due to their reactivity, disylylenes are often handled under inert atmospheres and at low temperatures. They have garnered interest in materials science and organosilicon chemistry for their unique bonding and potential applications, though their instability limits widespread practical use. Research continues to explore their reactivity and potential for novel silicon-based materials.