Dipropylamine

Dipropylamine is a simple aliphatic amine with the formula C6H15N. The molecule consists of a nitrogen atom bearing a single hydrogen atom and two propyl (C3H7) groups, giving it the IUPAC name 1,1,1-trisubstituted amine. It is a colourless liquid at room temperature with a faint amine odor and is miscible with water and many organic solvents.

The compound is commonly prepared by reductive amination of propionaldehyde or by catalytic hydrogenation of ketone intermediates. Commercial production typically employs a catalytic hydrogenation route where propionaldehyde is reacted with ammonia in the presence of palladium or nickel catalysts under elevated pressure. Alternative synthesis involves the alkylation of ammonia with 1-propyl halides in the presence of a base.

Dipropylamine is used mainly as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fragrances. Its amine functionality allows it to react with carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and epoxides to form amide, imine, or ether derivatives. In addition, it has been employed as a ligand in coordination chemistry and in the manufacturing of polymer precursors. Because it is a basic amine, dipropylamine can act as a catalyst or buffer in various organic reactions. Handling requires standard precautions for amines: avoid inhalation, skin contact, and eye exposure, and use appropriate ventilation and personal protective equipment.