Diorama

A diorama is a three‑dimensional representation of a scene, typically created with scale models and scenery and designed to be viewed from a fixed vantage point. The term derives from Greek, with dia meaning through and horama meaning a view, reflecting the idea of seeing a scene framed as if through a window or layered backdrop.

A diorama usually combines figures, animals, landscapes, and built structures set against a painted or photographic background. Model elements are often arranged on a wooden or cardboard base, and artists use lighting, depth cues, and sometimes motion or projected images to enhance realism. Materials can include wood, plaster, clay, paper, fabric, and natural elements such as moss or sand.

Dioramas originated in the 19th century in Europe as educational and entertainment displays and were popular in natural history museums and science centers. They drew on traditions from stage design and panoramic exhibitions to create immersive pictorial environments that could be studied up close.

There are several common types: natural history dioramas depict animals in lifelike habitats; architectural or city dioramas model urban layouts, landscapes, or historical scenes; military dioramas illustrate battles or campaigns. In hobby and education circles, dioramas are used in model railroading, wargaming, and classroom projects to demonstrate ecosystems, processes, or historical events.

Today, traditional dioramas are often complemented or replaced by digital and interactive versions, including computer-generated recreations, 3D-printed figures, and immersive multimedia displays, while the term remains widely used for physical, miniature scenes displayed in cabinets or theaters.