Dimetyylisulfoksidia

Dimetyylisulfoksidia, known in English as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2SO. It is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature, hygroscopic and with a high boiling point of about 189 °C. It is a polar aprotic solvent that is miscible with water and most organic solvents, which makes it a versatile medium for chemical reactions and extractions.

Chemically, DMSO dissolves both polar and nonpolar substances and has a strong dipole that stabilizes charged species. It features a relatively low vapor pressure and a high boiling point for an organic solvent, contributing to its utility in laboratory and industrial settings. Its properties enable it to act as a universal solvent in many contexts.

Productions and supply: Dimetyylisulfoksidia is produced on a large scale by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S with oxygen, typically using catalysts, followed by purification through distillation. It is then stabilized and stored in sealed conditions to prevent contamination and moisture uptake.

Applications: In chemistry and biochemistry, it is used as a solvent for reactions, sample preparation, and extraction of a wide range of compounds. In biology and medicine, it is employed as a cryoprotectant for cells and tissues and as a vehicle to facilitate the penetration of certain drugs through the skin. It is also used as a solvent in polymer chemistry and various industrial processes.

Safety and handling: DMSO has relatively low acute toxicity, but concentrated solutions can irritate skin and eyes. It can enhance the transdermal absorption of other substances, so protective equipment and proper ventilation are advised. It has a characteristic odor upon metabolism and should be stored away from strong oxidizers in sealed containers.