Dicyandiamide

Dicyandiamide, also known as cyanoguanidine, is an organic compound with the formula C2H4N4. It appears as a white crystalline solid and is relatively stable under ordinary conditions, with decomposition occurring at elevated temperatures.

Production and structure

Dicyandiamide is produced commercially by condensation of cyanamide under controlled conditions, or by related dehydration and rearrangement steps from urea-derived precursors. It is typically sold as a technical-grade solid for industrial use. The compound is valued for its high nitrogen content and utility as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.

Applications

Dicyandiamide is a versatile precursor in the manufacture of melamine and related triazine compounds. It can be thermally converted to melamine, cyanuric chloride, and other nitrogen-rich derivatives used in resins and plastics. In epoxy chemistry, dicyandiamide functions as a curing agent, enabling high-temperature performance in certain resin systems. It is also employed as a slow-release nitrogen source in some fertilizer formulations and as a building block in the synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymers and resins, including cyanuric acid– and melamine-based materials.

Safety and handling

Dicyandiamide is a chemical irritant; exposure to dust or solutions can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. It should be handled with appropriate protective equipment and stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances. Proper disposal and adherence to regulatory guidance are advised for industrial use.