Diatomées

Diatoms are a major group of algae, specifically eukaryotic microorganisms. They are found in almost every watery environment, from the oceans to the smallest puddles. Diatoms are characterized by their unique cell walls, called frustules, which are made of silica. These frustules are intricately patterned and come in a vast array of shapes and sizes, often resembling tiny glass boxes.

These single-celled organisms play a crucial role in ecosystems. Through photosynthesis, diatoms are responsible for a significant portion of the oxygen production on Earth and are a primary food source for many aquatic animals. Their silica shells are not biodegradable and accumulate on the ocean floor and in sediments over time, forming diatomaceous earth. This fossilized material has various industrial uses, including filtration, abrasives, and as a component in toothpaste and reflective paints.

The study of diatoms, known as diatomology, is important for understanding past environmental conditions as their fossilized frustules can be used as bioindicators to reconstruct historical climate and water quality. Their diversity is immense, with tens of thousands of described species, and new ones are still being discovered.