Diamagnetismissa

Diamagnetismissa is a property of matter that causes it to be weakly repelled by a magnetic field. When a diamagnetic material is placed in an external magnetic field, it generates an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction of the external field. This induced field arises from the orbital motion of electrons within the atoms of the material. According to Lenz's law, any change in the magnetic flux through a circuit induces a current in the direction that opposes the change. In diamagnetic materials, the electron orbits act as tiny current loops, and when exposed to an external magnetic field, their motion slightly alters to create a magnetic moment that opposes the applied field.

This effect is present in all materials, but it is typically masked by stronger magnetic effects like paramagnetism or ferromagnetism when they are present. Diamagnetic materials are characterized by a negative magnetic susceptibility, which is a measure of how much a material will be magnetized in response to a magnetic field. This susceptibility is usually very small, on the order of 10^-5 to 10^-6. Examples of diamagnetic materials include water, most organic compounds, copper, bismuth, and superconductors. Superconductors exhibit perfect diamagnetism, known as the Meissner effect, where they expel all magnetic fields from their interior. The strength of the diamagnetic repulsion depends on the strength of the applied magnetic field.