Dialyzát

Dialyzát is a sterile, specially formulated solution used in dialysis. Dialysis is a medical treatment that artificially replaces the function of the kidneys in patients whose kidneys have failed. Dialyzát, also known as dialysis fluid or dialysate, plays a crucial role in this process by facilitating the removal of waste products and excess fluid from the blood.

The composition of dialyzát is carefully controlled. It typically contains purified water, electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and a buffer, often bicarbonate or acetate. Glucose is also usually present, at a concentration similar to that in normal blood, to prevent excessive glucose loss from the patient's bloodstream. The specific formulation of dialyzát can be adjusted based on the patient's individual needs and medical condition.

During hemodialysis, the patient's blood is passed through an artificial kidney (dialyzer). Dialyzát flows in the opposite direction on the other side of a semipermeable membrane within the dialyzer. This membrane allows small molecules like urea, creatinine, and excess electrolytes to pass from the blood into the dialyzát, while larger molecules like blood cells and proteins remain in the blood. Excess fluid is also drawn from the blood into the dialyzát through osmosis and ultrafiltration, driven by pressure gradients. The spent dialyzát, now containing the removed waste products and excess fluid, is then discarded. In peritoneal dialysis, dialyzát is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, where it absorbs waste products and fluid from the blood vessels in the abdominal lining before being drained out.