Dialyysikalvot

Dialyysikalvot are semipermeable membranes used in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. These membranes act as artificial kidneys, filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the body's own kidneys are unable to do so. The primary function of a dialyysikalvo is to allow the passage of small molecules like urea, creatinine, and electrolytes while retaining larger molecules such as proteins and blood cells.

There are two main types of dialyysikalvot based on their material. Synthetic dialyysikalvot, often made from polymers like polysulfone or polyethersulfone, are widely used due to their efficiency and biocompatibility. Cellulose-based dialyysikalvot, though older technology, are still in use. The pore size and structure of the dialyysikalvo are critical for effective dialysis, determining which substances can pass through.

During hemodialysis, blood is pumped from the patient's body through an artificial kidney containing the dialyysikalvo. A dialysate solution flows on the other side of the membrane, creating a concentration gradient that drives the removal of waste products from the blood into the dialysate. In peritoneal dialysis, the dialyysikalvo is the lining of the peritoneal cavity within the abdomen, and the dialysate is instilled directly into this space. The dialyysikalvo facilitates the exchange of waste and fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and the dialysate. The selection of an appropriate dialyysikalvo is an important aspect of dialysis therapy, influencing treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.