Dialkylarsines

Dialkylarsines are organoarsenic compounds with the general formula R2AsH, where R represents an alkyl group. These compounds are characterized by a trivalent arsenic atom bonded to two alkyl groups and one hydrogen atom. They are often synthesized through the reduction of dialkylarsinic acids or by the reaction of arsenic halides with organometallic reagents. Dialkylarsines are typically liquids or low-melting solids and possess a strong, unpleasant odor.

The chemistry of dialkylarsines is dominated by the reactivity of the As-H bond. This bond can undergo various reactions, including oxidation, addition across unsaturated bonds, and substitution. For example, dialkylarsines can be oxidized to form dialkylarsinic acids or dialkylarsinates. They can also react with halogens to produce dialkylarsinyl halides. In the presence of bases, the As-H bond can be deprotonated to form dialkylarsenide anions, which are potent nucleophiles.

Dialkylarsines and their derivatives have found limited applications, primarily in research settings. Some organoarsenic compounds have been explored for their potential biological activity, including use as pesticides or pharmaceuticals, although toxicity concerns have often limited their widespread adoption. Certain dialkylarsines can also serve as ligands in coordination chemistry, forming complexes with transition metals. However, due to their toxicity and unpleasant odor, handling and use require significant precautions. The environmental fate and toxicological profile of dialkylarsines are important considerations in any potential application.