Deoksüribonukleotiids

Deoksüribonukleotiids are the building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Each deoksüribonukleotiid consists of three components: a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases. These bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). The specific sequence of these bases along a DNA molecule carries the genetic information of an organism. The deoxyribose sugar is a five-carbon sugar that differs from the ribose sugar found in RNA by the absence of an oxygen atom at the 2' carbon position. The phosphate group links the sugar molecules together, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. The nitrogenous bases are attached to the 1' carbon of the deoxyribose sugar. Adenine and guanine are purines, which have a double-ring structure, while cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines, with a single-ring structure. The pairing of these bases is specific: adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine, via hydrogen bonds. This complementary base pairing is crucial for DNA replication and transcription. Deoksüribonukleotiids are synthesized in the cell through various enzymatic pathways, ensuring a sufficient supply for DNA synthesis and repair.