DSM5DSM5TR

DSM-5-TR stands for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. It is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and released in 2022 as an update to DSM-5, which appeared in 2013. The manual provides standardized diagnostic criteria, descriptive text, and coding guidance intended for clinicians, researchers, educators, and insurers. It is widely used in the United States and has international influence, with diagnostic codes that align with ICD-10-CM for billing and statistical purposes.

The DSM-5-TR preserves the general organizational framework of DSM-5, grouping disorders into major diagnostic categories such as neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders, feeding and eating disorders, elimination disorders, sleep-wake disorders, sexual dysfunctions, gender dysphoria, disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders, and neurocognitive disorders, among others. The Text Revision updates terminology and criteria to reflect new research, adds clarifications, and strengthens cultural considerations in diagnosis, including the Cultural Formulation Interview.

Notable changes in DSM-5-TR include the recognition of Prolonged Grief Disorder as a distinct diagnosis, revisions to PTSD criteria, and updated guidance on prevalence, differential diagnoses, and clinical descriptions. The revision aims to improve clarity, reliability, and cultural sensitivity while maintaining continuity with DSM-5.

Limitations and criticisms of DSM-5-TR echo longstanding debates about diagnostic reliability across disorders, potential medicalization of normal variation, cultural biases, and the influence of classification systems on treatment pathways.