DPP4inhibitors

DPP4 inhibitors, also known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, are a class of oral antidiabetic drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. They work by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, which is responsible for breaking down incretin hormones. Incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are released from the gut in response to food intake. These hormones stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas and suppress glucagon release, thereby lowering blood glucose levels in a glucose-dependent manner. By inhibiting DPP4, these drugs increase the levels of active incretins, leading to improved glycemic control.

DPP4 inhibitors are generally well-tolerated and have a low risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy. Common side effects can include nasopharyngitis, headache, and upper respiratory tract infections. They are typically prescribed for patients who have not achieved adequate glycemic control with metformin or other oral antidiabetic agents. Examples of DPP4 inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin. They are available in various brand names depending on the specific drug and manufacturer. These medications are taken once daily and can be used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic medications, including metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones.