DNAfundamentele
DNAfundamentele is a term used to describe the core concepts underlying deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule that carries genetic information in most living organisms. DNA is a long polymer composed of repeating units called nucleotides, each containing a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The molecule forms a double helix with two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases: adenine paired with thymine, and cytosine paired with guanine.
Functional role: DNA stores information necessary for growth, development, and function. Genes are specific DNA sequences
Replication and organization: DNA is replicated semi-conservatively during cell division, with enzymes including helicase, primase, DNA
Variation and technology: Genetic variation arises through mutations, recombination, and sexual reproduction, driving evolution. Modern technologies
Historical context: The discovery of the DNA structure in the 1950s, built upon X-ray diffraction data and