Célmembránon

Célmembránon is a Hungarian term that translates to "cell membrane" in English. The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. It is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

The cell membrane is composed primarily of a phospholipid bilayer, with proteins embedded within or attached to its surface. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, meaning they have both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) regions. This property causes them to spontaneously form a bilayer in an aqueous environment, with the hydrophobic tails facing inward and the hydrophilic heads facing outward.

Proteins within the cell membrane play various roles, including transport of molecules, signal transduction, and cell recognition. Some proteins span the entire membrane, acting as channels or carriers for specific substances. Others are located on the inner or outer surface, serving as receptors or enzymes.

The fluidity of the cell membrane, due to the movement of phospholipids and proteins within the bilayer, is essential for many cellular processes, such as cell division and endocytosis. The precise composition and structure of the cell membrane can vary depending on the cell type and its specific functions.