Czars
Czars, also spelled tsars, is the title historically used by rulers of Russia before the revolution of 1917. The word comes from the Latin Caesar, via the Old Church Slavonic tsar’ and the Russian tsar. In English, czar and tsar are used interchangeably, though czar tends to be more common in American usage and tsar in some scholarly or traditional contexts. The title signified supreme autocratic authority and was closely linked to the concept of the divine right of kings.
The first Russian ruler to assume the title was Ivan IV, known as Ivan the Terrible, who
The last czar was Nicholas II, who reigned until his abdication in 1917 and was later executed
Modern usage of czar refers not to a royal ruler but to a government official appointed to