Cycloserine

Cycloserine is an antibiotic used primarily to treat tuberculosis, particularly multi-drug resistant strains. It functions as a structural analog of D-alanine, interfering with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Specifically, it inhibits two enzymes, alanine racemase and D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase, which are essential for the formation of peptidoglycan, a key component of the bacterial cell wall. This disruption weakens the cell wall, leading to bacterial death.

Cycloserine is typically administered orally. Its use is often reserved for cases where other, more effective anti-tuberculosis drugs cannot be used due to resistance or intolerance. It is not a first-line treatment for tuberculosis. The development of resistance to cycloserine can occur, and it is usually given in combination with other antimicrobial agents to prevent or delay this.

Common side effects of cycloserine include central nervous system effects such as dizziness, headache, confusion, and seizures. Psychiatric side effects like depression and psychosis have also been reported. Due to these potential neurological and psychiatric adverse events, careful monitoring of patients receiving cycloserine is important. It is important to note that cycloserine should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.