Cyclocotyle

Cyclocotyle is a genus of digenean trematodes, a type of parasitic flatworm, belonging to the family Cyclocotylidae. These parasites are typically found in the respiratory organs and associated tissues of aquatic birds, particularly waterfowl. The life cycle of Cyclocotyle involves at least two intermediate hosts, commonly mollusks and crustaceans, before reaching the definitive avian host.

Adult Cyclocotyle flukes are characterized by their broad, flattened bodies and the presence of a prominent oral sucker. Their ventral surface often features a specialized structure known as an acetabulum, though in some species, this may be reduced or absent. The reproductive system is well-developed, with both male and female organs present in each individual.

Infection in birds usually occurs through the ingestion of infected intermediate hosts. Once inside the definitive host, the flukes migrate to their preferred habitat, often the air sacs or bronchi. Heavy infections can lead to respiratory distress and potentially affect the bird's ability to fly or feed, though the severity of the disease depends on the parasite burden and host species. Diagnosis is typically made through post-mortem examination, identifying the characteristic flukes in the respiratory tract. Research on Cyclocotyle focuses on its life cycle, host-parasite interactions, and potential impacts on wild bird populations.