Curtovirus

Curtovirus is a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect plants. The genus is named after the type species, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), which was the first virus in this group to be discovered. Curtoviruses are characterized by their small genome size, typically ranging from 6.3 to 8.0 kilobases, and their ability to cause mosaic symptoms on infected plants.

Curtoviruses belong to the family Curtoviridae, which also includes the genera Ipomovirus and Potyvirus. They are transmitted by various vectors, including aphids, whiteflies, and mechanical transmission through contaminated tools or hands. The viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells and can cause a wide range of symptoms, including mosaic patterns, leaf distortion, and stunting.

The genome of curtoviruses is composed of a single-stranded RNA molecule that is translated into a single polyprotein. This polyprotein is then cleaved by viral proteases to produce the functional proteins required for viral replication and movement within the plant. Curtoviruses have a broad host range and can infect a variety of plant species, including crops such as cucurbits, solanaceous plants, and grasses.

Curtoviruses are of significant economic importance due to their ability to cause severe yield losses in agricultural crops. They are also studied for their potential as biopesticides, as some curtoviruses can induce systemic resistance in plants against other pathogens. Research on curtoviruses continues to focus on understanding their molecular biology, host range, and potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology.