Curaçao

Curaçao is a Caribbean island and a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It lies in the southern Caribbean Sea, off the northeast coast of Venezuela. The capital and largest city is Willemstad, a port and historic center recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its Dutch colonial architecture along the waterfronts of Punda and Otrobanda and the Queen Emma Bridge.

Geography and climate: The island covers about 444 square kilometers (171 square miles) and features flat limestone terrain with several coves and beaches. It has a semi-arid tropical climate with warm temperatures year-round, persistent trade winds, and relatively low annual rainfall.

History: Originally inhabited by the Arawak and Caquetío peoples, Curaçao came under Dutch rule in 1634 as part of the Dutch West India Company. It later became part of the Netherlands Antilles from 1954 until its dissolution in 2010, after which Curaçao became a separate constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Population and language: The population is around 150,000. The official language is Dutch, while Papiamentu is the most widely spoken language in daily life; English and Spanish are common in business and tourism.

Economy and governance: Curaçao maintains internal self-government with its own prime minister and parliament (the Estates of Curaçao). The Kingdom handles defense and foreign affairs. The economy relies on tourism, financial services, and shipping. The island’s large oil refinery ceased operations in 2019, prompting diversification toward services. The Netherlands Antillean guilder is the official currency, with the U.S. dollar widely accepted in tourism.

Culture and environment: Curaçao preserves a diverse culture blending Dutch and Caribbean influences. Major attractions include Willemstad’s historic center, Christoffel and Shete Boka national parks, and coral reefs ideal for diving and snorkeling. The island hosts carnival celebrations and a mix of culinary traditions.