CuSO46H2O

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, commonly represented by the chemical formula CuSO4·5H2O, is a crystalline compound consisting of copper, sulfur, oxygen, and water molecules. It is a blue, crystalline solid known for its vibrant coloration and extensive applications across various fields.

Chemically, CuSO4·5H2O is formed by the combination of copper sulfate with five molecules of water of crystallization. Its molecular weight is approximately 249.68 g/mol. The compound appears as bright blue crystals and is soluble in water, forming a blue solution. It also exhibits hygroscopic properties, readily absorbing moisture from the environment.

Copper sulfate pentahydrate has diverse uses. It is widely employed as a fungicide and algicide in agriculture to control bacterial and fungal diseases on crops and in water treatment systems. In addition, it serves as an educational reagent in chemistry laboratories to demonstrate crystallization, hydrate formation, and metal sulfate properties. Historically, it has been used in the "bluestone" preparations of the 19th century.

Handling copper sulfate requires precautions, as ingestion or prolonged skin contact can be toxic. It may cause gastrointestinal distress, skin irritation, or certain health issues if misused. Proper protective gear and disposal methods are recommended when working with the compound.

CuSO4·5H2O is mostly produced through the electrolysis of copper-containing solutions or by recrystallization from copper-rich ores. Its availability and relatively low cost have facilitated widespread use in industrial, agricultural, and educational settings. Despite its utility, environmental considerations necessitate responsible handling to prevent ecological damage from runoff or disposal.