Csontszövetet

Csontszövetet, or bone tissue, is a rigid connective tissue that constitutes the main structural component of bones in vertebrates. It is a dynamic and living tissue that undergoes constant remodeling throughout life. There are two main types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone.

Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is dense and forms the outer layer of most bones. It provides strength, support, and protection. Its structure is characterized by repeating units called osteons, which are cylindrical arrangements of bone cells and mineralized matrix.

Spongy bone, also called cancellous or trabecular bone, is less dense and found primarily in the interior of bones, particularly at the ends of long bones and in flat bones. It has a porous, lattice-like structure composed of interconnected bony struts called trabeculae. Spongy bone is lighter than compact bone and contains red bone marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells.

Bone tissue is composed of specialized cells and an extracellular matrix. The primary bone cells include osteoblasts, which synthesize and mineralize the bone matrix; osteocytes, which are mature bone cells embedded within the matrix and play a role in bone maintenance; and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption, breaking down old bone tissue. The extracellular matrix consists of organic components, primarily collagen fibers, which provide flexibility, and inorganic components, mainly hydroxyapatite crystals (calcium and phosphate), which give bone its hardness and strength. This complex composition allows bone tissue to withstand significant mechanical stress while also supporting metabolic functions.