Crotoxin

Crotoxin is a complex neurotoxin found in the venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus. It is composed of two subunits: crotoxin A (a basic protein with phospholipase A2 activity) and crotoxin B (an acidic, non-toxic protein that binds to crotoxin A). This complex structure is responsible for the potent neurotoxic effects observed after envenomation.

The primary mechanism of crotoxin action involves its phospholipase A2 activity, which hydrolyzes phospholipids in cell membranes. This can lead to widespread tissue damage, including neurotoxicity by affecting nerve cell membranes and neuromuscular junctions. Symptoms of crotoxin poisoning can include paralysis, respiratory distress, and muscle weakness.

Research into crotoxin has explored its potential therapeutic applications, particularly in pain management. Its ability to induce analgesia has led to investigations into its use as a local anesthetic or as a component in pain-relieving drugs. However, its potent toxicity necessitates careful control and modification for any potential medical use.

The venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus is classified as neurotoxic, with crotoxin being the main component responsible for this characteristic. Understanding the structure and function of crotoxin is crucial for developing effective antivenoms and for exploring its biomedical potential.