Corfu

Corfu is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, located off the northwest coast of the Greek mainland. It is the main island of the Corfu regional unit within the Ionian Islands region, with Corfu Town (also known as Kerkyra) as its capital. The island is known for its diverse landscapes, from olive groves and cypress forests to rocky coastlines and sandy beaches.

Geographically, Corfu covers about 585 square kilometers and features a varied terrain including hills, valleys, and a coastline studded with bays and small villages. The climate is Mediterranean, with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. The island sits opposite the coast of Albania and has a long maritime history tied to trade and cultural exchange across the Ionian Sea.

Historically, Corfu traces its Greek origins to the ancient city of Korkyra. It passed through Roman and Byzantine rule before being governed by the Republic of Venice from the 14th century until 1797, leaving a distinctive Venetian architectural imprint. After a period of French and then British administration as part of the United States of the Ionian Islands, the island united with Greece in 1864. The Venetian and later British influences shaped much of its urban character and cultural heritage.

Culturally, the Historic Centre of Corfu was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. The Old Town preserves a labyrinth of narrow streets, the Spianada square, the Liston promenade, and fortifications such as the Old Fortress and New Fortress. Notable sites include the Achilleion palace near Gastouri and the island’s monasteries and churches, which reflect a blend of Greek, Venetian, and British influences.

Economy on Corfu is driven by tourism, complemented by agriculture (notably olives and citrus). The Port of Corfu connects the island to mainland Greece and Italy, and Corfu International Airport serves visitors year-round.