Consequence

A consequence is the result or effect that follows from a preceding action, event, or condition. In everyday language, consequences are what happens as a result of decisions or natural processes. The terms cause and consequence are related but distinct: a cause is an antecedent condition or event that brings about an effect, while a consequence is the outcome that follows from that cause.

Consequences can be natural, arising without human intent, such as a dropped object falling due to gravity. They can also be the result of deliberate action and planning, producing social, economic, or legal outcomes—for example, completing a project may yield payment, while violating a contract may incur penalties. Consequences can be favorable or unfavorable, and they can be immediate or delayed.

In philosophy, consequences are central to causal explanations and ethical theories. Consequentialism holds that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcomes, while deontological or virtue-based theories emphasize duties, rules, or character regardless of consequences.

Consequence is also a key concept in risk assessment and policy, where potential outcomes are modeled to anticipate effects of decisions. In everyday life, considering consequences can guide planning and responsibility.