CompletableFuturesupplyAsync

CompletableFuture is a class in the Java standard library (java.util.concurrent) that represents a future result of an asynchronous computation. It can be completed explicitly by the code that produces the result or completed automatically as part of a chain of asynchronous tasks. It also implements the CompletionStage interface, enabling non-blocking composition of asynchronous operations.

Key characteristics include its ability to be completed manually using complete or completeExceptionally, and its support for creating asynchronous tasks through methods such as supplyAsync and runAsync. CompletableFuture also provides a rich set of chaining and composition methods, including thenApply, thenAccept, and thenRun for transforming results or performing actions upon completion; thenCompose for composing dependent futures; and thenCombine for combining results from parallel stages. For error handling, methods like exceptionally, handle, and whenComplete offer ways to respond to exceptions or to finalize results.

Factories and coordination mechanisms are part of its API. There are methods to create already-completed futures (for example, completedFuture) and to coordinate multiple futures using allOf and anyOf. CompletableFuture also supports blocking retrieval via get or join, and non-blocking retrieval via getNow. It can be canceled with cancel, and its completion state is observable by downstream stages, allowing complex asynchronous pipelines to be built without manual thread management.

Execution is typically performed on an Executor. By default, asynchronous tasks run on the common ForkJoinPool if no executor is provided, but callers can supply a custom Executor to control threading, resource usage, and isolation. CompletableFuture is widely used to implement scalable, non-blocking asynchronous workflows in Java applications.