Cogénération

Cogénération, also known as combined heat and power (CHP), is a process that simultaneously generates electricity and useful thermal energy from a single fuel source. This integrated approach significantly improves overall energy efficiency compared to generating electricity and heat separately. In a typical CHP system, a prime mover, such as a gas turbine, steam turbine, or internal combustion engine, is used to produce electricity. The waste heat that would normally be dissipated from this process is then captured and utilized for other purposes, such as space heating, industrial processes, or water heating.

The efficiency gains from cogénération are substantial. By recovering waste heat, the total energy utilization can reach up to 80-90%, whereas conventional power plants typically achieve only 30-40% electrical efficiency, with the remaining energy lost as heat. This increased efficiency translates into reduced fuel consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions for a given amount of useful energy delivered. Cogeneration systems can be implemented at various scales, from large industrial facilities and district heating networks to smaller commercial buildings and even individual homes.

The economic viability of cogeneration depends on factors such as fuel costs, electricity prices, thermal energy demand, and the initial investment cost of the equipment. Despite the upfront costs, the long-term savings in energy expenditure and potential for environmental benefits make cogénération an attractive option for many applications. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy security and promoting sustainable energy practices by maximizing the value derived from primary energy sources.