Coenenchyme

Coenenchyme is a type of connective tissue found in the body of certain invertebrates, particularly in the phylum Echinodermata, which includes starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. It is characterized by its unique structure and function, which sets it apart from other types of connective tissue found in vertebrates.

The term "coenenchyme" comes from the Greek words "koinos," meaning common, and "enchyme," which refers to the ground substance of connective tissue. This name reflects the tissue's role in providing structural support and facilitating the movement of cells and other components within the body.

Coenenchyme is composed of a mesh-like network of collagen fibers embedded in a mucopolysaccharide matrix. This structure allows for flexibility and elasticity, enabling the tissue to stretch and contract as needed. The collagen fibers provide tensile strength, while the mucopolysaccharides contribute to the tissue's ability to absorb and retain water, which is crucial for its function.

One of the most notable features of coenenchyme is its ability to regenerate. In many echinoderms, coenenchyme can regenerate from small fragments, a process known as fragmentation regeneration. This regenerative capacity is thought to be due to the tissue's unique cellular composition and the presence of stem cells.

Coenenchyme plays a vital role in the body of echinoderms, serving as a supportive framework for the animal's body wall and facilitating the movement of cells and other components. Its regenerative properties also contribute to the overall resilience and adaptability of these animals.