Chancel

The chancel is the part of a Christian church around the altar, reserved for the clergy and the choir. It is typically located at the east end of the building and is separated from the nave by a screen, arch, or rail. In many churches the chancel is elevated above the level of the nave, underscoring its liturgical function.

Etymology and history: The term derives from Latin cancellus, meaning lattice or grating, via Old French. In medieval church architecture the chancel formed the sacred zone surrounding the altar and the performing clergy, distinguished from the laity’s space in the nave. Over time, the precise boundaries and furnishings of the chancel varied with region, period, and denomination.

Contents and features: A chancel typically contains the altar, the sanctuary rail or screen, seating for clergy (sedilia), and often the choir stalls. It may also include a lectern or pulpit, a credence table, and vestry or sacristy spaces. The boundary between the nave and chancel is commonly marked by a chancel arch or rood screen, and sometimes by low rails.

Denominational usage and variation: In Catholic and many Anglican churches, the chancel is the sacred area around the altar and is distinct from the nave. In some Protestant traditions, the terms and boundaries may differ, and the choir area may occupy part or all of the chancel. Orthodox churches use a related concept, often styled as the sanctuary, with its own distinct liturgical arrangement.

Modern context: Today the chancel remains a conventional architectural element in many historic and contemporary churches, signaling the space where liturgy is conducted and the sacred rites are performed.