Centroszómákból

Centroszómákból is the plural form of centroszóm, which is the Hungarian word for centrosome. Centrosomes are organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They are the primary microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) in animal cells and play a crucial role in cell division. A centrosome typically consists of two centrioles arranged perpendicularly to each other, surrounded by a proteinaceous matrix called the pericentriolar material. This material contains numerous proteins, including gamma-tubulin, which nucleates the formation of microtubules.

During the cell cycle, the centrosome duplicates, and the two resulting centrosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell. They then organize the formation of the mitotic spindle, a structure essential for segregating chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Microtubules emanating from the centrosomes attach to the chromosomes and pull them apart, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. In addition to their role in cell division, centrosomes are also involved in the formation of cilia and flagella, which are hair-like appendages used for cell motility or sensing the environment. The proper structure and function of centrosomes are vital for cellular health, and defects in centrosome duplication or function have been linked to various diseases, including cancer.