Celowniki

Celowniki, often translated as sights, are aiming devices used with firearms and other projectile weapons. Their primary function is to help the shooter align the weapon's barrel with the intended target, improving accuracy. There are several types of celowniki, broadly categorized as open sights and telescopic sights.

Open sights are the most basic form, typically consisting of a rear sight and a front sight. The rear sight is usually a notch or aperture, while the front sight is a post or bead. The shooter aligns the front sight within the notch or aperture of the rear sight, and then aligns this entire assembly with the target. This method is simple, robust, and does not require batteries.

Telescopic sights, commonly known as scopes, utilize lenses to magnify the target and provide a reticle (crosshairs or other aiming pattern) within the field of view. This magnification allows for more precise aiming at distant targets. Scopes can offer various levels of magnification and feature adjustments for windage and elevation.

Other types include reflex sights and holographic sights, which project an illuminated reticle onto a lens, allowing the shooter to keep both eyes open while aiming. These are often used in rapid-fire scenarios. The choice of celownik depends on the type of weapon, intended use, and the shooter's preferences.