Celladhesives

Celladhesives are molecules that enable cells to stick to each other or to the extracellular matrix. This cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion is fundamental to the formation and maintenance of tissues and organs. These adhesion molecules play critical roles in various biological processes including embryonic development, immune responses, wound healing, and cell signaling. There are several major classes of cell adhesion molecules. Cadherins are calcium-dependent transmembrane proteins that mediate homophilic adhesion, meaning they bind to cadherins of the same type on adjacent cells. Integrins are another important class of transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, and also some cell-cell interactions. They bind to specific ligands in the extracellular matrix, such as fibronectin and collagen, and transmit signals into the cell. Selectins are involved in transient cell adhesion, particularly important in the immune system for the trafficking of white blood cells. Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) CAMs are a diverse group of proteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion through homophilic or heterophilic interactions. Dysfunctions in cell adhesion can lead to a range of diseases, including cancer metastasis, autoimmune disorders, and developmental abnormalities. Research into celladhesives continues to be a significant area of study in cell biology and medicine, with potential applications in regenerative medicine and targeted therapies.