Cefotaxim

Cefotaxim is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It belongs to the third generation of cephalosporins, known for their broad spectrum of activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cefotaxim works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, a process essential for bacterial survival.

This antibiotic is typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its uses include the treatment of severe infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and gonorrhea. It is also effective against certain strains of bacteria that are resistant to older antibiotics. Cefotaxim is often a preferred choice for empirical therapy in critically ill patients due to its reliable efficacy against common pathogens.

The spectrum of activity for cefotaxim is extensive, covering many common Gram-negative organisms including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. It also exhibits activity against some Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, it is not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterococcus species.

Adverse effects associated with cefotaxim are generally mild and can include gastrointestinal disturbances like diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Allergic reactions, such as rash and itching, can also occur. More serious side effects are rare but can include blood dyscrasias and kidney problems. Cefotaxim is often used in combination with other antibiotics to broaden the spectrum of coverage or to overcome resistance mechanisms. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys.