Catalytique

Catalytique is a term used in chemistry to describe phenomena, substances, or processes related to catalysis. The concept derives from the idea of a catalyst, which increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. In French, catalytique functions as the adjective for catalysis or for substances that act as catalysts; in English, the corresponding term is catalytic.

Catalysis can occur in different phases. In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst operates in the same phase as the reactants, typically a liquid solution. In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a different phase, often a solid surface that facilitates reactions with gases or liquids adsorbed on its surface. Enzymatic catalysis (biocatalysis) uses biological molecules, such as enzymes, to accelerate specific biochemical reactions under mild conditions. Industrially important catalysts include metals (for example, platinum, nickel, iron) and metal oxides, as well as zeolites and other porous materials that shape reactivity and selectivity.

Key performance metrics for catalytic processes include turnover frequency and turnover number, which quantify how many reaction cycles a catalyst can perform per unit time or per unit of catalyst, respectively. Selectivity, stability, and resistance to poisoning by impurities are also critical. Catalysis plays a central role in sustainable chemistry and energy technologies by enabling efficient production of chemicals, cleaner fuels, and strategies for environmental remediation.