Castilians

The Castilians are the people native to the historical region of Castile, which is located in central Spain. The term "Castilian" traditionally refers to those who identify with the cultural, linguistic, and historical heritage of Castile, a region that played a pivotal role in the formation of modern Spain. Castile emerged as a distinct political entity in the 9th century, evolving from the Kingdom of Asturias and later becoming a key power in the Reconquista, the centuries-long Christian campaign to reclaim territory from Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula.

The Castilian language, a form of Old Spanish, became the dominant language of the Crown of Castile and eventually evolved into modern Spanish, which is now the official language of Spain and many Latin American countries. The Castilian dialect was further standardized by the *Castilian School* of poets and writers in the 13th century, including figures like Alfonso X, who compiled legal and historical works in Castilian.

Politically, Castile was the most powerful kingdom within the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. Its monarchy expanded through conquests, alliances, and marriages, eventually uniting with Aragon in 1469 through the marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, marking the beginning of the Spanish Empire. The Castilian crown played a central role in the colonization of the Americas, the defeat of the Moors in the Granada War (1482–1492), and the establishment of Spain as a global power.

Culturally, Castile is associated with a strong sense of identity rooted in its medieval heritage, chivalry, and literary traditions. The region is also known for its historical cities like Burgos, Toledo, and Segovia, which preserve architectural and cultural landmarks from the Middle Ages. Today, Castile continues to be an important cultural and historical reference in Spain, with modern administrative divisions reflecting its historical significance. The term "Castilian" is still used to describe certain regional identities, though it is often distinguished from broader Spanish identity in cultural and political discussions.